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Download Handbook of Ocular Disease Management.pdf Dermatochalasis describes a common, physiologic condition seen clinically as sagging of the upper eyelids, and to some degree, the lower lids. It is typically bilateral and most often seen in patients over 50 years of age, but may infrequently occur in some younger adults. Inspection of these patients' lids reveals redundant, lax skin with poor adhesion to the underlying muscle and connective tissue. An excess flap or fold of skin in the upper lid is characteristic, and the normal upper lid crease may be lost. Dermatochalasis typically results in a ptosis, though occasionally patients will utilize the frontalis muscle to pull the lids open; this eliminates the ptosis but results in a wrinkling or furrowing of the forehead. Additional findings may include upper eyelid entropion, lower eyelid ectropion, blepharitis, or dermatitis.

Most commonly, dermatochalasis presents a cosmetic concern only, with patients complaining of "droopy eyelids" and "bags under the eyes," which may cause them to appear "older than they truly are." Some patients report true functional difficulties however, the most common being obstruction of the superior visual field Less commonly, patients may complain of ocular irritation secondary to misdirected lashes or chronic blepharitis.

Dermatochalasis is sometimes confused with blepharochalasis. Though similar in nomenclature, these two disorders are quite different in presentation and etiology. Blepharochalasis is a rare condition that appears to be inflammatory in nature. It typically affects only the upper eyelids, and may be unilateral as well as bilateral. It is encountered more commonly in younger rather than older individuals. The condition is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a "stretching" and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue. Complications of blepharochalasis may include conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis, entropion, ectropion, and ptosis.

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Download Physics Handbook.pdf Welcome to the Bryn Mawr Physics Department. Over the last 15 years (1992-2007) Bryn Mawr has had between 3 and 15 physics majors a year. The 15-year average is 8. This gives us the best of all worlds. We stay small compared with the Mathematics, Biology, and Chemistry Departments at Bryn Mawr and as such, faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students form a close-knit community of friends and scholars. But we have a huge effect on the national scene, something you won't realize until you begin "life after Bryn Mawr." Nationwide, women number about 22% of those earning bachelor's degrees in physics and closer to 17% of those earning Ph.D.'s. So, even though we are small, the Bryn Mawr physics department provides one of the largest groups of women physics majors and pre-majors in the country. You will experience great diversity and many peers (other women studying physics) as friends, coursework collaborators, mentors, tutors, and role models for career discussions.

Bryn Mawr also ranks in the top five among liberal arts colleges in the production (%) of women undergraduates having B.A.‘s who subsequently go on to earn a Ph.D. in the physical sciences. Physics majors from liberal arts colleges such as Bryn Mawr have many career options: teaching, banking, business, industry, computer science, law, patent law, medicine, and graduate work in the physical sciences ranging from astrophysics and physics to materials science, earth science, oceanography, and physical chemistry.

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